0 The four main island in Japan

Japan consists of thousands of islands. But most of the islands are quite small in size. The four main islands form large parts of Japan and is home to almost all residents of Japan. Here the data brief the main islands of Japan:

 

HonshuHonshu is the largest and most populous of the four main islands. The island covers about 60 percent of the total area of ​​Japan. Honshu also has a much larger city and is home to about 80 percent of Japan's population. Kanto plains located in the eastern part of the island and is a major industrial and agricultural areas as well as being the location of the Japanese capital, Tokyo. Main cities in other Honshu is Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, and Kyoto. Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, located near Kyoto.

HokkaidoAs the northernmost island, Hokkaido is the second largest island and the third most populous island in Japan. The soil is rocky and not as beautiful as the other Japanese islands. Because the climate -cold and gloomy in most years with snow weight of Hokkaido, until about a century ago, is regarded as remote areas. Now the island has large cities and growing industry. Hokkaido is also becoming a popular resort area for winter sports. The main town here is Sapporo.

KyushuIs the southernmost main island of Kyushu. The island is ranked second in terms of population after Honshu and ranks third in terms of total area after Hokkaido. Because of its relatively small size, the island of Kyushu become the most densely populated than the other islands. Big cities, among others, Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, and Nagasaki.

ShikokuShikoku is the smallest of all the main islands, both in terms of area and population. Before the bridge that connects the island to the city of Hiroshima on the island of Honshu built, Shikoku quite isolated from the rest of the country. Largest city is Matsuyama.Other islands are important is Ryukyu and Bonin (Ogasawara). Ryukyu is an archipelago of more than 100 islands located in the mountains of southern Kyushu. Okinawa is the largest and most important city in the Ryukyu. Bonin Islands are quite less populated stretches about 970 kilometers southeast of the main islands. Bonin has more than 30 subtropical and tropical islands.

 Link : http://www.kembangpete.com/2014/07/21/mengenal-empat-pulau-utama-jepang/

0 The Adjective Clause

Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.

An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause—will meet three requirements:

·         First, it will contain a subject and verb.

·         Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].

·         Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?

The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns:

Relative Pronoun or Adverb + Subject + Verb

Relative Pronoun as Subject + Verb

Here are some examples:

Whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie

Whose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject; pleaded = verb.

Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie

Why = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can stand = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb].

That bounced across the kitchen floor

That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; bounced = verb.

Who hiccupped for seven hours afterward

Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; hiccupped = verb.

Avoid writing a sentence fragment.

An adjective clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each adjective clause to a main clause.

Read the examples below. Notice that the adjective clause follows the word that it describes.

Diane felt manipulated by her beagle Santana, whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.

Chewing with her mouth open is one reason why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie.

Snarling and skidding on the smooth tile, Oreo and Skeeter, Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced across the kitchen floor.

Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped for seven hours afterward.

Punctuate an adjective clause correctly.

Punctuating adjective clauses can be tricky. For each sentence, you will have to decide if the adjective clause is essential or nonessential and then use commas accordingly.

Essential clauses do not require commas. An adjective clause is essential when you need the information it provides.

Look at this example:

The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious.

Vegetables is nonspecific. To know which ones we are talking about, we must have the information in the adjective clause. Thus, the adjective clause is essential and requires no commas.

If, however, we eliminate vegetables and choose a more specific noun instead, the adjective clause becomes nonessential and does require commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

Read this revision:

Broccoli, which people often leave uneaten, is very nutritious.

Sumber : http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/adjectiveclause.htm

0 Perbedaan Present Perfect Tense (PPT) dan Past Tense (PT

Maksud (A): PPT menyampaikan bahwa sesuatu SUDAH terjadi, lebih menekankan pada suatu “kegiatan” yang sudah terjadi.
Contoh: I’ve eaten. I’ve met her.

Maksud (B): PT menyampaikan bahwa sesuatu terjadi di WAKTU LAMPAU, lebih menekankan pada waktu kejadian.
contoh: I met her last week.

Ada beberapa perbedaan lain antara penggunaan Present Perfect Tense (PPT) dan Past Tense (PT). Kali ini akan kita bahas satu per satu yah.

(A) PPT dipakai jika PERIODE waktu peristiwa BELUM berakhir.
Contoh: I’ve met her this week. Periode minggu ini belum selesai. 

(A) PT dipakai jika PERIODE waktu peristiwa SUDAH berakhir.
Contoh: I met her last week. Periode minggu lalu sudah selesai.

(B) PPT sering dipakai untuk menyatakan berita yang BARU SAJA TERJADI (recent news).
Contoh: He has crashed his car again. Baru saja terjadi.

(B) PT dipakai untuk menyampaikan BERITA YANG TIDAK BARU.
Contoh: He crashed his car last year. Bukan baru saja terjadi, tapi terjadi tahun lalu. 

(C) PPT dipakai kalau WAKTU peristiwa TIDAK SPESIFIK.
Contoh: They’ve seen that movie already. Keterangan waktu tidak spesifik, tidak jelas kapan. 

(C) PT dipakai kalau WAKTU peristiwa JELAS.
Contoh: They saw that movie last month. Ada keterangan waktu yang jelas. 

(D) PPT digunakan dengan for/since apabila kejadian BELUM berakhir, atau diRAGUkan kelanjutannya, ada kemungkinan masih berlanjut.
Contoh PPT: I’ve lived in Bali for 5 years. Sekarang masih tinggal di Bali. 

(D) PT digunakan dengan for/since apabila kejadian SUDAH berakhir dengan PASTI.
Contoh: I lived in Bali for 5 years. Sekarang sudah tidak tinggal di Bali.

Sumber : http://englishtips4u.com/2011/11/13/engclass-present-perfect-tense-vs-simple-past-tense/

0 Simple Present Tense

English Grammar Rules

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.

• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are always / generally true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

• Affirmative: You speak French.
  Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks German.
  Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why below.

Negative Contractions

Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English.

Word Order of Negative Sentences

The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.

Subject	don't/doesn't	Verb*	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	don't	have / buy eat / like etc.	cereal for breakfast
he / she / it	doesn't

* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:

• You don't speak Arabic.
• John doesn't speak Italian.
• We don't have time for a rest.
• It doesn't move.
• They don't want to go to the party.
• She doesn't like fish.

Questions in the Simple Present Tense

To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the question.

• Affirmative: You speak English.
  Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

• Affirmative: He speaks French.
  Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does	Subject	Verb*		The Rest of the sentence
Do	I / you / we / they		have / need want etc.	a new bike?
Does	he / she / it

*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

• Do you need a dictionary?
• Does Mary need a dictionary?
• Do we have a meeting now?
• Does it rain a lot in winter?
• Do they want to go to the party?
• Does he like pizza?

Short Answers with Do and Does

In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:

Sample Questions	Short Answer (Affirmative)	Short Answer (Negative)
Do you like chocolate?	Yes, I do.	No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil?	Yes, you do.	No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate?	Yes, we do.	No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate?	Yes, they do.	No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate?	Yes, she does.	No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels?	Yes, it does.	No, it doesn't.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.

Sumber : http://www.grammar.cl/Present/Simple.htm

2 Assingment 3

1.     MEMO IS :

·         a hard-copy (sent on paper) document

·         used for communicating inside an organisation

·         usually short

·         contains To, From, Date, subject headings and Message sections

      does not need to be signed, but sometimes has the sender's name at the bottom to be more friendly, or the sender's full name to be more formal. If in doubt, follow your company style.

Memo writing is something of an art form. A letter is not a memo, nor is a memo a letter. A memo is a short, to the point communication conveying your thoughts, reactions or opinion on something. A memo can call people to action or broadcast a bit of timely news. With memo writing, shorter is better.

As with all writing, memo writing needs a structure. Because they are short, rambling meanderings will soon destroy the memo’s effectiveness and become a waste of productive time to those that read it and to the person who wrote it.

If you have something longer than a page, it’s better to send it as an attachment or a document that follows the memo used as a cover letter. Never make a memo too long. If someone takes a glance at a memo that appears to be too long, there’s a good chance it will be set aside for a time when they aren’t busy. This can defeat your memo’s purpose which is timely communication.

2.      MAIL :

The mail or post is a system for physically transporting documents and other small packages, as well as a name for the postcards, letters, and parcels themselves. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing. Modern private postal systems are typically distinguished from national postal agencies by the names "courier" or "delivery service".

Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters. In some countries, a Postal Telegraph and Telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system as well as having authority over telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

Sumber : 

http://bagus-pers.blogspot.com/2014/12/memo-mail.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email

http://edu-net.net/bus-writing/writing/guides/documents/memo/pop2e.html

0 Letter 5 : My House

The House is a shelter for the living beings. The House could also be as a gathering place for the family so that it can strengthen the family and fraternal straps creating a harmonious family. many size to make the House, from the smallest to the largest. Ingredients for making a home is sand, bricks, cement, and some other materials.

Inside the House is divided into several rooms, the room is a family room, living room, bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen space. If their House is bigger, could add a room to our liking. The room has its own function. The first is the family room, the family room is normally used for the gathering of families, watching tv with my family, and devoted heart to the family.

The living room in use to welcome guests who want to visit my house. This space can also be used to play with neighbors who are next door to the my home and the task with our relatives. We use to have a rest, usually this room is a private room of a person, because in the room a lot of goods – goods are private property. The bathroom use to cleanse the entire body, this room can be also for bathing. And the kitchen used for cooking food.

A beautiful home is a home that cared for each day and keep it clean. Add growing – plant to beautify homes on the front.

0 Letter 4 : Trip To Old City

This morning my friend and I wanted to go to the old town. My friends and I gathered at 10. 00 GMT place already in the set. After everything was assembled, I immediately headed for the station, bekasi. I went there using a tool called land transport train. There are two types of train, the train that used to travel far and one is used to in the city. Because of the late train 10 minutes, so I waited for a bit while talking – talk with my friend.

The train was coming in, my friend and I rode slowly land. In the very full train once. Each station was bypassed, and finally I got to the station of the city. It turns out the old town located not far from the station, 5 minutes walking distance. First time I visit the place is Museum Fatahillah.

Museum Fatahillah or Jakarta History Museum is an important place for the history of Jakarta. At the time of the occupation of the Netherlands, this building is the Town Hall Court, as well as a horrible Dungeon. Now, it becomes a place of diverse museum of antic, ranging from antique furniture the Netherlands, inscriptions and statues, to the music of Gambang Kromong. On the outside of the museum Fatahillah, which often diramaikan by cultural performance. Formerly, this field is a great place to execute the prisoners.

An awful lot of places that I visit, I take a few pictures for memories. Then my friend started to feel hungry, and I am looking for where there is food around the old city. The hunger has been resolved, I go around the old town again. Nobody feels the time is already demonstrating the afternoon. Finally my friend and I went on a trip to return home.

0 Letter 3 : The Vehicle

     The vehicle is a means of transportation that humans use to accelerate to the intended location.

Kind of - kind of vehicles are bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, trains, planes, boats and much more. Bicycles used to travel that far, because the bicycle moves using human power. This vehicle can only use one person only. There also are using bikes to travel far.

     Motorcycle vehicle is the means of transport used to travel farther, move the motorcycle using fuel, the fuel is gasoline. This vehicle contains only two people only. Vehicles cars, used to travel far with passenger capacity which is quite a lot. Cars using petrol fuel. Vehicle truck, truck is a vehicle used to transport the goods. The capacity of this car is very much. 

     The railway vehicle is a vehicle with power motion, which moves with the use of special lines.

Many of these vehicles are used by everyone because of free stuck, unlike a car or motorcycle. Aircraft vehicle is moving in the air. The aircraft can take passengers to the destination country. Because the State Indonesia with other countries separated by seas, but it could also use the boat. The vehicle Boat is moving at sea. The boat can carry other vehicles, motorbikes, cars, and buses.

0 Letter 2 : Trip to Cilacap beach

     This morning looks very bright, My friend and I wanted to go to the beach in the area cilacap.
The beach is a geographical form consisting of sand, and there in the coastal marine area. At that time I was at Purwokerto. Quite far from Purwokerto towards cilacap. Until there was lively all visitors flocking to see the beauty of the coast of cilacap. I see the blue sea, the wind that blows is not too fast. Coastal suburb of me and my friend are looking for a shell that buried in the sand. While on the beach, I felt so calm. My friend took some photos for memories.

     A place where food is not too far off the coast. I tried to eat some of the foods there. On the outside there are many souvenirs and goods – goods which is nice. On the way home, I saw a kite that is enormous. This is different from kites kites before. These kites shaped like birds. I bought one to embellish the beauty in the home. The natural beauty of our wonderful it must maintain and preserve it properly so that the beauty of nature is not damaged.

0 Latter 1 : First my Hellofest

     HelloFest Anima is an event Pop Culture Expo that was attended by KostuMasa (Mass Costumed), are surrounded the a bazaar action figure. The event was very crowded. The first time I went there, a lot of people who use the anime costume. Anime is a typical of Japanese Animation, which is usually characterized in by pictures featuring colorful characters in a wide variety of locations and stories, aimed at different types of audiences.The visitors called them the name kostumasa. Kostumasa are people wearing costumes.

   The event starts from 10.00 until 21.00 pm in the hall kartini. I came around 13:00 because of the rain stuck trip. My friend was asked to go to the gonzo which in block m to buy a jacket that is themed anime. Goods were already obtained, I went straight to the hall kartini. Arriving at the hall kartini, torrential rain, most new visitors who come to take shelter in the security station, Shortly afterwards rain stopped, I rushed towards the entrance.

   In the building is very crowded, and there is also a wide - range stand clothes, accessories and others - others. I asked my friend to take a picture with the kostumasa. Costume - costumes used very good. Hellofest has 3 main events, one event KostuMasa. KostuMasa Show Off is a competition that is held on the main stage.They display the typical of movement anime character they wear and do a little demonstration.